When Priscilla Nowajewski, our astronomer and climatologist, reflects on her journey into astronomy and climatology, her story reveals a path as unique as the planetary atmospheres she studies. “It wasn’t a childhood dream,” she says. Her early years were filled with outdoor adventures, video games, and a growing fascination with nature and animals. It wasn’t until her teenage years, inspired by her female science teachers and a late-blooming interest in physics, that Priscilla began to look toward the stars.
With three years of experience today, Priscilla plays a key role at ALMA. Her work is vital to the observatory’s success, where extreme weather conditions can determine the quality and continuity of observations. “Weather is fundamental because it directly affects the data we collect,” she explains. From observation planning to personnel safety, Priscilla’s meteorological information optimizes operations in this challenging environment.
One of her most outstanding achievements has been developing an internal weather forecasting system tailored to ALMA’s specific needs. This system combines global atmospheric models like GFS and ECMWF with tools like Python and Bash to generate localized and precise predictions. The GFS (Global Forecast System), developed in the USA, and the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts), from Europe, are global weather models used for climate forecasts. The GFS stands out for its update frequency (every 6 hours) and short- and medium-range forecasts with 13 km resolution, while the ECMWF is recognised for its superior accuracy in medium-range forecasts with a resolution of 9 km. Both are essential for optimising ALMA observations, adapting to the extreme conditions of the Chilean highlands.
These forecasts are critical in the high-altitude plateau, where conditions can change dramatically within hours. “I use these models to refine data on water vapor, a crucial parameter for our high-frequency observations,” Priscilla notes, emphasizing how her work contributes to ALMA’s scientific excellence.
Weather impacts not only astronomical observations but also daily operations. ALMA’s antennas, designed to withstand winds of up to 65 m/s, must enter “survival mode” when winds reach 20 m/s or snow accumulates. This maneuver protects the equipment and ensures data quality. Additionally, electrical storms or “white winds” (a combination of snow and wind that reduces visibility) can temporarily halt operations.
Priscilla also analyzes historical weather patterns to identify trends in site meteorological data. “Studying these dynamics allows me to anticipate recurring events and evaluate their impact on our activities,” she explains. Her work as a climatologist extends beyond ALMA; her interest in planetary atmospheric dynamics drives her to explore exoplanet atmospheres and their potential to support life. “We’re getting closer,” she says with optimism, referring to progress in the search for Earth-like conditions on other worlds.
Beyond science, Priscilla blends her passion for astronomy with her artistic side. With over a decade of experience in watercolor painting, she has participated in exhibitions that merge art and science, exploring themes like the Solar System and meteorites. “I believe art and science are complementary ways of understanding and expressing our connection to the universe,” she shares.
Priscilla Nowajewski’s story highlights the importance of weather as an operational factor at ALMA and as a gateway to a broader understanding of the cosmos. Her dedication and creativity demonstrate how science can be both a journey of discovery and a source of inspiration.
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